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The next generation of booster is the V1.5 version which will fit the majority of ST/F/M motherboard revisions. V1.5 runs at 16MHz CPU & TOS and gives up to about 50% speed boost. In order for the ROM to work at higher speeds, the ROMs need to be replaced with a suitable "Fast-ROM" kit which I also sell (see HERE). There is a pad called "SW" which can be connected to a switch to link the wire to 0V. When SW is left disconnected / floating, it enables 16MHz mode. When SW is connected to 0V, it forces 8MHz mode. This booster is assembled and tested as shown in the image. NOTE: If 16MHz is unstable then you will need to change the 10K SIL arrays for 2.2K on the motherboard.
Buffers the 16mhz line on the MEGA ST for stable operation of all my boosters.
GAL IC, 2 resistors, 2 capacitors, header pins are supplied in this kit.
The V2 is the next step from the V1.5 booster. While the V1.5 has a separate TOS104/TOS102 board, the V2 has the ROM "on board" which holds TOS104/TOS206 which is selectable by a jumper.
V2 is 16mhz boost on CPU & ROM the same as the V1.5 booster, only as the V2 ROM decoder is GAL based, it is marginally faster than the V1.5 booster. Similar to the V1.5, there is a option to switch back to 8mhz mode.
This booster is assembled and tested as shown in the image.
Please note as this board is large it will only fit the Later revision
STFM boards C070789 series due to space restrictions on other motherboard layouts.
Note: If fitting on the MEGA ST then you will
need the MEGA BUFFER board otherwise 16mhz mode will be unstable.
STE V1 booster runs the CPU & ROM at 32Mhz giving up to 220% speeds compared to a stock machine, and over 360% with blitter enabled.
This booster also needs the STE FAST TOS kit sold
HERE
DO NOT ATTEMPT THIS UPGRADE IF YOU ARE NOT GOOD AT SOLDERING AND DE-SOLDERING.
These Blitters are NOS and suitable for upgrading the STFM's to include the blitter (with addition to my blitter adapter board listed below). These Blitters can also be used for replacements for STE/MEGA machines etc.
These are getting increasingly hard to find, so grab one while stocks last!
Suitable for the Falcon or any other machine which requires a 68882 FPU. Current stocks are overclockable to 64mhz.
Ideal for 16mhz boosters or just as a direct replacement for the old 8mhz CPU.
NOTE - you cannot simply change the CPU for faster speeds, you need a CPU booster for that.
Genuine 060 REV 6 CPU. I have clocked these at 90-100MHz.
These CPU are stamped 004 or 006 and are later production run of the REV6 E41J mask. These are NOT fake REV6 CPU's (normally stamped as 006) as sold all around the internet.
Please note - These CPU's can have various numbers on them, but are all tested as genuine REV6 CPU which I have personally tested over 95MHz. Also CPU may have small marks or scratches on the top, this is purely cosmetic only.
A video of 100MHz speeds on Atari CT60 booster.HERE
These are supplied in anti-static foam. Prise off slowly working around all edge of the CPU. DO NOT rip the foam off from side to side as it will bend the pins! Double check all pins are perfectly straight and clean before insertion into the CPU socket.
Genuine 060 REV 6 CPU. I have clocked these at 90-100MHz.
These CPU are stamped 002 and are a earlier production run of the REV6 E41J mask. These are NOT fake REV6 CPU's (normally stamped as 002) as sold all around the internet.
Please note - These CPU's can have various numbers on them, but are all tested as genuine REV6 CPU which I have personally tested over 95MHz. Also CPU may have small marks or scratches on the top, this is purely cosmetic only.
A video of 100MHz speeds on Atari CT60 booster.HERE
These are supplied in anti-static foam. Prise off slowly working around all edge of the CPU. DO NOT rip the foam off from side to side as it will bend the pins! Double check all pins are perfectly straight and clean before insertion into the CPU socket.
Tested replacement MC68000FN8 CPU for the Atari STE / MEGA ST computers. CPU brand generally MC or ST etc.
Tested replacement MMU C025912-38 for the Atari STF/M/MEGA ST computers.
Tested replacement GLUE C025915-38A for the Atari STF/M/MEGA ST computers.
Used tested WD1772 or VL1772 Floppy controller IC for Atari computers etc.
These IC's are only capable of 8MHz speeds and not suitable for 1.44 floppies.
Used tested WD1772 or VL1772 Floppy controller IC for Atari computers etc.
These IC's are tested and verified to work at 16MHz speeds with my 1.44 floppy kit.
New RTC chip to replace the older/faulty NVRAM chips in the Falcon.
Please note some countries such as Germany, Finland,Turkey, Italy,and some others I cannot ship this item to. Please check before you order!.
MC68HC000 CPU tested at 32MHz. Will also work as a replacement for the STE CPU running at 8MHz.
These CPU's are low power versions of the 68000 CPU commonly used in the STE and MEGA STE computers. These use a lot less power and run cool even at higher speeds.
These CPU's seem to greatly solve -38 DMA issues in the STE.
MC68008 8-bit CPU.
HTM50 Digial amplifier module 25+25watts into 8R single 24V rail PDF
HTM50S uses a high quality MAXIM MAX9709 chipset which can deliver superb
sound quality up to 50watts RMS with up to 87% efficiency.The HTM50 module
is operated from a single supply rail from 12V to 24VDC and typically
requires just 0.5amps (500mA) of supply current (2amps max) under full
load.Module has onboard 5V regulator which can be used to power external
logic or used as a logic pullup rail. The board measures about half the
size of a credit card – 60mm x 38mm x 12mm (LxWxH) approx.
Designed and manufactured by exxos 2012.
Quality black compatible printer ink in a single 5L container. This ink doesn't block your printer heads like a lot of cheap refill inks sold around the internet which can contain many impurities and often watered down for the "cheap price". Easily make a saving of £200 over buying smaller ink bottles in other refill kits.
This ink is manufactured in the UK by jet tec, a leading brand of remanufactured inks in Europe.
I have used this ink for years in my own Canon IP4500,HP8500, brother & epson printers. Selling these containers (possibly have a lot more) as I bulk bought ink a few years ago and purchased way too much black ink than I could use myself! Selling at cost as I need the space back!
Toroidal transformer mounting washers. Pack of 2.
Outer dia. ~55mm.
Hole dia. ~6mm.
Thickness ~2.2mm
General 72 pin vertical simm socket for Atari or Amiga projects.
Useful little adapter to convert 2.5" IDE drives to CF flash cards. Ideal for Falcon or MonSTer or any IDE board capable of using CF cards. Cable length is approx 6cm.
New turned-pin 64pin DIP socket - suitable for the 68000 DIP CPU.
General 72 pin right angle 45deg simm socket. (simm not included).
New 14 pin din connector for use with the external floppy connector on the back of the ST/F/E machines.
New drive updated to work on the Atari STF/M/E/Falcon/MEGA series etc. All drives are tested & working to the maximum extended format of 22 sectors 86 tracks. High value Ceramic capacitors have been fitted across the electrolytics so you don't have to worry about the capacitors failing in years to come. These drives are later MPF920 models which work reliably on Atari computers (some early MPF920 drives are not reliable) These drives are a ideal as a replacement drive or to match my 1.44 floppy kit upgrade.
Please note some minor case modifications are needed around the eject button. See HERE and HERE.
If you are replacing a 720k drive and plan to use this drive with 1.44
floppies, then you need one of my floppy upgrade kits HERE
Please note The floppy cable needs to be inserted upside down to use this drive.
Updated design over the previous V5 series. This kit is needed if you
want to use 1.44 floppies on your ST/STE/MEGA machines. The board is fully
automatic and will switch between 720K and 1.44 mode without the use of
drivers or special software or TOS patches etc. You can use internal or
external drives in either 720k or 1.44 mode.
V6 series fixes TOS206 issues where sometimes it is patched to work in
the wrong step rate mode for accessing 720K floppies. Also V6 series has
the media change fix so TOS behaves better when the floppy is changed.
V6 series is slightly smaller than the V5 and now uses single GAL IC.
You also need a modded floppy drive such as the one I sell HERE
. Please note if you use any other drive with this kit, then I will not
be able to assist if you have any problems. Please note the 1772 is not included in this kit. Image is for illustration only once assembled.
Genuinely refurbished 720K Double sided drive with fronts. These drives
are mostly Epson/Sony drives, but can vary. Drives have been cleaned and
tested fully. Drive heads have been cleaned. Ceramic capacitors added to replace aging electrolytics.
Please note as these drives are old, they may have some slight rusting on the drives outer case. This in no way affects the operation of the drive.
Refurbished 360K long button drive. Heads cleaned new belt fitted.
Cleaned & disinfected Atari mouse. These mice look almost like new and have new switches fitted.
New replacement mouse switches (large type). Pack of 2.
New replacement mouse switches (small type). Pack of 2.
PCB adapter kit to convert the "funky" PLCC68 layout into a modern PLCC68 socket. Kit includes PCB, PLCC68 socket and header pins. See HERE for more information.
12V 40x40x20mm. Very quiet, will fit MEGA ST PSU. BLUE=0V. RED=12V
Version 1.5.
A useful extension cable to extended the internal floppy drive cable. Will allow HxC2001 to be fitted internally should the current cable be to short. The cable can be easily folded under , or over, the HxC drive to allow a easy "twist" in the cable without straining or breaking the motherboard cable & connectors.
Any length cable possible, Please state length required in inches in the box below.
Please note there is a inch 'tolerance' on these cables and should be factored into your length size.
For example ordering a 10" cable can be 9" or 11". I will try to make as close to required length but I cannot guarantee it.
As these are custom made there will be 1-2weeks delay in shipping.
Double check the length entered is correct before checkout!
Contains various capacitors to replace the ones used in failing STFM video circuits.
If your STE has bad whittles or interference type noises in the audio, then give this kit a try! Please also note the STE PSU is likely one of the main causes of noise.
Kit includes 2 assembled mini PCB's. Header stripes are supplied but not fitted. Please see the information link on how to install this kit. Please note this kit might not solve all audio issues but I need reports back on people installing this to see what it is and is not solving.
New designed clock buffer for the Falcon 030 machines. This board cleans up and buffers the falcon default clocks which is attributable to noises and crackles in audio applications or glitches in SCSI transfers.
FPU overclock board designed for the Falcon but could work on other FPU's. Overclocks to 50MHz with suitable FPU (as also sold in my store)
Similar to CTCM but this module is set via a simple 22 turn resistor pot. This can be adjusted from 60MHz to over 100MHz. This module has been designed to work on CT60's which never worked with CTCM or where CTCM has stopped working for no reason. Please note I cannot guarantee it will work in all problematic CT60's.
As this does not require software, if overclocking locks up your falcon, you just need to adjust the resistor pot and reboot, simple! This module is ideal for working out the max speed of your CPU/CT60/CT63. Preset speed is approx 85Mhz.
Small internal RTC kit for ST/E/FM etc.
Kit includes, PCB, RTC IC, Oscillator, Battery holder.
Note This kit does not include wires, or battery. Capacitor supplied needs legs straightening to fit PCB.
All Atari falcons should have this upgrade done.This kit will help to improve audio,video,hard
drives,stability etc of your Falcon and reduce the risk of noise spikes killing the motherboard.
Contains Top rated quality, low ESR, High ripple capacitors.
3x 1,000uf replaced with 3x 1500uF
1x 33uF 400V replaced with 47uF 400V
1x 330uf replaced with 680uF
2x 47uF & 1x 22uF replaced with 47uF (ripple filter capacitors)
1Amp rectifier replaced with 2Amp
This PSU is a must for people looking to power anything more
than a stock ST machine or is having random crashes or faults for no apparent reason.
STFM / STE PSU which has been upgraded with high current low ESR genuine
Panasonic capacitors (not cheap un-branded alternatives) to provide a
clean stable power rail for aged or failing ST power supplies.
The bridge rectifier
has been updated with higher wattage version due to the smaller WO5
being prone to failing. Key solder joints have been re-soldered to ensure
a secure connection to the main switching transistor and pulse transformer.
SR98's have had resistors changed to improve regulation. NEW switch fitted.
Image for illustration only. Types are generally SR98 or ASP34 etc
All Atari's should have this upgrade done. This kit will help to improve
audio,video,hard drives,stability etc of your Atari.
Contains:
Top rated quality, low ESR, High ripple capacitors.
1x 47UF, 400V - Replaces 400V 47uF
1x BRIDGE RECTIFIER - Replaces 2A rectifier (PCB holes may need drilling
with 1mm drill to fit)
2x CAPACITOR, 16V, 1500UF - Replaces all 1000uF caps.
3x CAPACITOR, 16V, 4700UF - Replaces all 2200uF caps.
All Atari's should have this upgrade done.This kit will help to improve audio,video,hard
drives,stability etc of your Atari.
Contains:
Top rated quality, low ESR, High ripple capacitors.
680uF 25V x3
16V 4700UF x2
250V 47UF x2
BRIDGE RECTIFIER - Replaces 2A rectifier (PCB holes may need drilling with 1mm drill to fit)
New designed PSU to fit STF/M/E/MEGA ST machines. Features include safe low voltage operation
via a efficient toroidal transformer. PSU has much better
regulation (10x easily) and cooler running than the original Atari PSU's. Fits on original
PSU framework (not included). PSU connector not included (re-use from old PSU).
New designed PSU to fit STF/M/E machines. Features include safe low voltage operation via a efficient toroidal transformer. PSU has much better regulation (10x easily) and cooler running than the original Atari PSU's. Fits on original PSU framework (not included). PSU connector not included (re-use from old PSU).
All Atari's should have this upgrade done.This kit will help to improve audio,video,hard
drives,stability etc of your Atari.
Contains:All caps required to upgrade. Top rated quality, low ESR, High ripple branded capacitors.
If you live in fear of your efforts of "fixing" your ST/Falcon PSU (which you should be as falcons are kinda expensive!) Then I suggest buying these dummy load resistors to test your PSU under load before reinstalling it back into your machine. NOTE you CANNOT test switchmode PSU's without a load, it will malfunction!
Resistors are simply pushed into the PSU connector. 5V uses 2.2R (loads 5V rail with 2.2amps) and 12V uses 10R (loads 12V rail with 1.2amps). Then you can measure the PSU under the load resistors and make sure the voltages are correct. Note these resistors are rating for continuous use, but get EXTREMELY HOT very quickly. So I suggest not running them for more than 30 seconds at a time. Connections to PSU connector are.. 10R in blue and black... 2.2R in red and black.
This kit replaces any of the 4,700uF axial capacitors found in many Atari's with a higher value and much higher surge current rating than the original. Value is appox 5,500uF at 8amps surge capability.
Kit includes PCB, header pins, 8 quality low ESR capacitors.
New designed PSU to fit Falcon 030 machines. Features include safe low voltage operation
via a efficient toroidal transformer. PSU has much better
regulation (10x easily) and cooler running than the original Atari PSU's. Fits on original
PSU framework (not included). PSU connector is fitted as shown.
New designed PSU to fit Falcon 030 machines. Features include safe low voltage operation
via a efficient toroidal transformer. PSU has much better
regulation (10x easily) and cooler running than the original Atari PSU's. Fits on original
PSU framework (not included). PSU connector is fitted as shown.
Low cost 4MB RAM UPGRADE kit for later STF/M motherboards. Fits under
the PSU section. Simm itself fits to the right of the PSU and to the left
of the shifter housing. Some minor metal editing on the atari top metalwork
will be needed. PCB can be switched from 1MB to 4MB for software that
will not run on 4MB. Requires assembly.
Only fits later revision motherboards
such as C070789, Where there are normally 4 rows of DRAM as shown
Available until stocks exhausted.
Tested DRAM pulled from working equipment. Supplied as chips on antistatic
foam. Kit includes 16 DRAM's, 3 resistors,16 axial capacitors (like originals
shown in image) This will upgrade 512K machines to 1MB. Note this only works with machines with the RAM banks as shown in the image, or C070789 Type motherboards.
New simms manufactured in 2017 by exxos. This is a kit of 4 simms (4x 1MB 30 pin) to upgrade the STE to 4MB of ST-RAM. Simms are 70ns non-parity. Lower power consumption. Gold plated contacts.
The RAM upgrade plugs over the MMU and SHIFTER. The DRAM is compacted ontop
of the MMU adapter PCB making the design ultra small and compact and does not
require simms. There is a jumper link which can be connected to a toggle switch
to enable 1MB mode or 4MB mode. This gives maximum compatibility for ST software
which will only run with 1MB RAM. If your shifter is not in a socket then you
will need to unsolder the shifter to plug into the board.
The MMU board is supplied assembled. The Shifter board is supplied as a kit. Cables are available to fit into MST/STM/STF/M. Ask if in doubt.
72 PIN SIMM adapter card for the falcon 030. Requires a 16MB simm which gives the maximum 14MB ST-RAM. PCB layout has been carefully designed to use the bulk of the copper area for 5V and 0V rails. Board has a generous 100uF ceramic capacitance for ultimate stability. PCB is assembled and ready to use (16MB simm not included).
While the design is as small as possible, the top of the board is very close to the metal shielding, so I supply some thick card to use as a spacer (glue or sticky tape to underside of the shielding) to make sure the shielding doesn't short on top of the board.
NOS 16MB EDO 72pin 60ns SIMM. Ideal for RAM expansions for the Falcon etc.
New compatible SIPP simms manufactured in 2017 by exxos. This is a kit of 4 SIPP simms (4x 1MB 30 pin) to upgrade the STE to 4MB of ST-RAM. Simms are 70ns non-parity. Lower power consumption. Gold plated contacts.
Pin contacts are 0.5mm dia. SIPP is 29mm high in total (top of PCB to bottom of header pins). Please make sure these will fit your machine (they may fit other machines other than the STE but I am unable to physically test)
A resale pack of 40 simms manufactured in 2017.
Simms are 70ns non-parity. Lower power consumption. Gold plated contacts.
Original 6 chip TOS ROM for Atari STFM. Labeled for for convenience. As these ROM's are Atari original's, they do not need any wiring or pin bending to fit. They simply plug into the existing ROM sockets.
Adapter pcb to plug into most MEGA machines which gives a jumper selectable TOS 102 & Rainbow TOS 104. This kit can be used as a stand alone TOS upgrade and also can be used in conjunction with the V1.5 16mhz booster to give fast ROM access. Parts include PCB, ROM, socket, header pins, jumper link, capacitor.
TOS is UK/ENGLISH .
Atari STE TOS 206 upgrade.
UK LANGUAGE
Atari STE TOS 206 upgrade.
FRANCAIS LANGUAGE
Atari STE TOS 206 upgrade.
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Atari STE TOS 206 upgrade.
SVERIGE LANGUAGE
Atari STE TOS 206 upgrade.
SWISS GERMAN LANGUAGE
Atari STE TOS 206 upgrade.
GERMAN LANGUAGE
Atari STE TOS 206 upgrade.
USA LANGUAGE
Genuine OTP TOS4.04 FAST ROM (not cheaper/slower eprom type) . Either a update or as a replacement for Atari Falcon 030 / C-LAB machines. These ROM's are verified working with zero waitstates on the Falcon which gives a small boost overall in machine speed.
Original 2 chip TOS ROM for Atari STFM. Labeled for for convenience. As these ROM's are Atari original's, they do not need any wiring or pin bending to fit. They simply plug into the existing ROM sockets.
Pin 1 is located where the label says HI or LO.
Please note I also sell ROM kits switchable between TOS102 and TOS104.
Adapter pcb to plug into most STFM machine with TOS on the left side
of the motherboard in a row. It is possible to fit the board into the
ROM sockets, but the extra hight may not allow the metal sheild to fit
correctly. New design allows switching from UK TOS102 to UK TOS104 via
jumper link on PCB. ROM is a fast PLCC type compatible (and required)
for next generation of booster projects. Parts include PCB, ROM, socket,
header pins, jumper link, capacitor. Requires Assembly.
This board only fits C070789 style motherboards (or motherboards with alike
ROM layout) such as THIS one
STE Dual TOS Kit. TOS is selectable by a jumper on the board, or can
be fitted with a toggle switch (sold separately ) if required. This board
can also be used as a "Fast TOS" upgrade with the V1
STE BOOSTER. UK LANGUAGE
This board is also available assembled and tested from Jays retro computer sales
STE Dual TOS Kit. TOS is selectable by a jumper on the board, or can
be fitted with a toggle switch (sold separately ) if required. This board
can also be used as a "Fast TOS" upgrade with the V1
STE BOOSTER. FRENCH LANGUAGE
STE Dual TOS Kit. TOS is selectable by a jumper on the board, or can
be fitted with a toggle switch (sold separately ) if required. This board
can also be used as a "Fast TOS" upgrade with the V1
STE BOOSTER. SWEDISH LANGUAGE
STE Dual TOS Kit. TOS is selectable by a jumper on the board, or can
be fitted with a toggle switch (sold separately ) if required. This board
can also be used as a "Fast TOS" upgrade with the V1
STE BOOSTER. GERMAN
STE Dual TOS Kit. TOS is selectable by a jumper on the board, or can
be fitted with a toggle switch (sold separately ) if required. This board
can also be used as a "Fast TOS" upgrade with the V1
STE BOOSTER. USA LANGUAGE
Original 2 chip TOS ROM for Atari STFM. Labeled for for convenience. As these ROM's are Atari original's, they do not need any wiring or pin bending to fit. They simply plug into the existing ROM sockets.
Pin 1 is located where the label says HI or LO.
Please note I also sell ROM kits switchable between TOS102 and TOS104.
Atari STE TOS 205 upgrade.
SPANISH LANGUAGE
Universal TOS104 upgrade kit which can be fitted to any STF/M which would ordinarily be stuck with 6 chip TOS. The master board has a small IC which which is normally missing on STF/M machines which takes care of part of the address decoding. As 2 address lines are missing from the ROM area then these need to be soldered to the CPU. There are also a few other wires to solder. Some machines like the STF where the ROM's are under the PSU will need the ROM sockets removing. See the website info for more information and fitting.
The ROM's used are "fast ROMs" which can be used in conjunction with the V1.5 booster.
Really useful for switching stuff.
Suitable for most Atari PSU's such as STF/M/E/MEGA/Falcon. Not these are single pole so the neutral wire from the mains socket is to be soldered directly to the PSU PCB. These switch are totally black as shown in the image. Mostly these are used on later machines such as the falcon and have a very nice switching action on them.
I strongly recommend these switches for use with my own designed PSU.
Suitable for most Atari PSU's using a similar looking switch.
Really useful magnifier for checking for shorts between pins or checking SMT parts. It has 2 LED lights giving good light to where you want to magnify and comes in a case as shown. I use these all the time myself and find them really useful. They require 3 AAA batteries.
Wire Glue utilizes the latest advances in microcarbon technology to bring you a highly conductive glue at a fraction the price of competitive products which use precious metals.
Intended for hobby and repair applications, Wire Glue is the first in a series of adhesive products based on microcarbon from Anders.
Applications:
~ Surface Mount
~ Wire connections
~ Flex Boards
~ Solar Cell Leads
~ RF Shielding + Many more!
NOTE: Glue needs to be thoroughly mixed for at least 3mins before each use. Tub size approx 3x3x3cm. This glue is not suitable for high current applications.
Ideal for contacts where air may cause corrosion long term.
Suitable for ST PSU connections, Socketed IC/chips, PC power leads, car battery terminals etc.
Supplied in 1ml syringe with approx 1ml contents. Ready to use. Insert blue plunger. Remove red cap and fit grey syringe tip. Apply to contact surfaces and attach. Wipe excess grease off with swab or tissue.
Non-Toxic Green Alternative to throwing away worn out keypads KEYPAD FIX can be used to repair: Game Controllers Parking Access Keypads Garage Door Opener Keypads Remotes for TVs and DVD Players Home Security System Keypads These are tough, flexible wear-resistant repairs. Keypad Fix cleans and restores conductivity to the carbon on the keys of switches on remotes and keypads. This jar contains enough to coat over 200 button contacts. Cleans only those contacts that need to be repaired. Brush it onto carbon contact with a cotton swab. Dries tack-free in 2 hours. Repaired keypads can be returned to service after drying overnight. Mix thoroughly for 3mins before use.
Cleans Corroded Electrical Contacts, Swab it on. Scrub it clean. CLEANS LEAKAGE FROM ALL TYPES OF BATTERIES including alkaline, nicad, nickel metal hydride, and zinc carbon cells. Rejuvenates battery contacts on all battery-powered equipment including:Toys, Remote Controls, Radios, TVs, Phones, Flashlights PLUS Musical Equipment including Effects Boxes, Tuners, some Keyboards, Etc. CLEANS ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR LEAKAGE ON CIRCUIT BOARDS. CORROSION GONE! can also be used as a PRECISION RUST REMOVER . Just rub it on the rusted areas where you want the rust to be gone. It will act like a fine-grade sandpaper, but unlike sandpaper it gets into all corners and crevices. And because it is activated by rubbing, it only works where you want it to. With careful application you can use Corrosion Gone! to remove the rust that you want to remove without wrecking painted areas that are right next to the rust.Mix thoroughly for 3mins before use.